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Personal Attitude and Conclusions. Оценка автора и выводы.

I find the article interesting informative attention-catching gripping topical…   overlong too wordy boring uninteresting… The author…, and I can’t agree more. The author is absolutely right saying that... Unfortunately, the author has no solution to offer. He only… The author, to my mind, misre-presents the situation/ the facts. The author fails to persuade me that… I don’t agree with the author. The article is aimed to acquaint the readers with… The article is intended for a wide range of readers/ for students of… faculty/ for people interested in…   Я считаю статью интересной содержательной увлекательной захватывающей актуальной…   слишком длинной многословной скучной неинтересной… Автор…, и я более чем согласен. Автор совершенно прав, говоря что… К сожалению, автор не предлагает какого-либо решения. Он лишь... Я думаю, автор искажает ситуацию/ факты. Автору не удается убедить меня в том, что... Я не согласен с автором. Основная задача статьи – ознакомить читателя с... Статья предназначена для широкого круга читателей/ для студентов ... факультета/ для людей, интересующихся...

 

III. Используйте следующие глаголы:

disclose – разоблачать, раскрывать; emphasize – придавать особое значе-ние, подчёркивать, акцентировать; forecast – предсказывать, предвидеть; infer – означать, подразумевать; insinuate – внушать исподволь, намекать; reiterate – повторять; suppose – предполагать; admit – допускать, соглашаться; believe – думать, полагать; stress – подчёркивать; imply – подразумевать, предполагать; predict – предсказывать, пророчить; reveal – показывать, обнаруживать; advise – советовать; persuade – убеждать; explain – объяснять; mention – упоминать; warn – предупреждать, предостере-гать; suggest – предлагать, советовать.

 

IV. Прочитайте следующий текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание.



 

Black Cats and Broken Mirrors

(Newspaper “English”, volume 23, March, 2002, р.7)

1. Do you think that it is bad luck to walk under a ladder or break a mirror? Do you think that black cats and the number 13 are unlucky? Some people do, and some don’t. The three men in America don’t either. Every Friday the 13th they walk under ladders, break mirrors, and open umbrellas indoors. They want to prove that they aren’t superstitious. They are rare people who aren’t. There are over one million superstitions, and most people believe at least one or two of them.

2. Many people are superstitious about numbers. They think that there are lucky numbers and unlucky numbers. The number 13 is often considered unlucky. In some parts of the world, buildings have no 13th floor and streets have no houses with the number 13. In Japan, four is considered unlucky because in Japanese the word “four” is pronounced the same as the word “death”. Japanese never give gifts of four knives, four napkins, or four of anything. What are the lucky numbers? Seven is a lucky number in many places, and eight is considered lucky in Japan and China. In China, businesses often open on August 8 (8-8), and many couples register to get married at eight past eight on August 8.

3. Superstitions about numbers are so widespread that some people – called numerologists – make a living giving advice about numbers. In 1937, when the Toyoda family of Japan wanted to form a car company, they asked a numerologist if “Toyoda” would be a good name for the company. The numerologist said it would not be. He explained that “Toyoda” took ten strokes of the pen to write, and 10 was not a lucky number. “Toyota”, however, took eight strokes to write, and eight was a very lucky number. The numerologist recommended “Toyota” as a better name for the company. The family took advice. As a result, millions of people drive “Toyotas” and not “Toyodas” nowadays.

4. In addition to superstitions about numbers, there are many other kinds of superstitions. There are superstitions about eating, sleeping, sneezing, and itching. There are superstitions about animals and holidays and horseshoes. There are even superstitions about superstitions. Those superstitions tell people how to reverse bad luck.

5. For example, in many parts of the world spilling salt is bad luck. Throwing salt, however, is good luck. So, people who spill salt throw a little of the spilled salt over their left shoulder. Throwing the spilled salt reverses the bad luck. When the Japanese bump heads, they immediately bump heads again. According to Japanese superstition, the first bump means their parents will die, but the second bump “erases” the first one. To reverse bad luck in general, people turn around three times, turn pockets inside out, or put their hats backwards. In the United States, baseball players sometimes wear their caps backwards when their team is losing. It looks silly, but the baseball players don’t mind if it helps them win the game.

6. Because there are so many superstitions, it is not surprising that some of them are contradictory. In Germany, it is good luck when the left eye twitches and bad luck when the right eye twitches. In Malaysia, it is exactly the opposite: a twitching right eye means good luck, and a twitching left eye means bad luck. Accidentally putting on clothes inside out brings good luck in Pakistan but bad luck in Costa Rica. In Chile, unmarried people won’t take the last piece of food on the plate because it means they will never marry. In Thailand, unmarried people do take the last piece because it means they will marry someone good-looking.

7. Some superstitions have been with us for so long that they have become customs. In many parts of the world it is polite to say “Health” or “God bless you” when someone sneezes. People used to think that the soul would escape from the body during a sneeze. They said, “God bless you” to protect people from losing their souls. Today we no longer believe that people who sneeze are in danger of losing their souls, but we say “God bless you” anyway. We say it not because we are superstitious, but because we are polite.

8. Even people who say they aren’t superstitious would probably not intentionally walk under ladders and break mirrors. Almost everyone is at least a little superstitious. One woman says that when she got married, her aunt gave her white bath towels. “Never buy purple towels,” her aunt said. “If you use purple towels, your marriage will end.” Does the woman believe that superstition? “No, of course not,” she says. “It’s silly.” Does she use purple towels? “Well, no,” she answers. “Why take chances?”

 

V. Просмотрите план и дополните его в соответствии с содержанием текста (в плане пропущены два пункта):

Plan

1. Superstitious people.

2. Numerologists and the “Toyota” company.

3. Other kinds of superstitions.

4. Contradictory superstitions.

5. Superstitions about sneezing.

6. Not to take chances.

 

VI. Ответьте письменно на вопросы, используя клише. Ответы на эти вопросы станут основой для написания реферата любого источника.

1. What is the headline of the article?

2. Whom was the article written by?

3. Where does the article come from? Was it published in a newspaper or a magazine?

4. When was it issued?

5. What page and column is the article placed?

6. What field of science does the article refer to?

7. Is it supplied with any illustrations?

8. What is the central topic of the issue?

9. What kind of questions does the author address himself to?

10. What is said at the beginning of the article (further on, in the closing paragraph)?

11. Do you find the article interesting or not?

12. Do you agree with the author?

13. What in the aim of the essay?

14. Whom is it intended for?

VII. Закончите следующие предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста (письменно):

1. The author emphasizes that…

2. Each paragraph reiterates that…

3. At the beginning of the article it is insinuated that…

4. Paragraph 3 explains why…

5. The fifth paragraph reiterates that…

6. This issue implies that…

7. In the seventh paragraph the author reveals…

 

VIII. Найдите в тексте и выпишите доказательства следующих утверждений:

1. All people are superstitious.

2. The number 13 is unlucky.

3. Eight is considered lucky in Japan and China.

4. The “Toyota” company got its name with the help of a superstition.

5. There are superstitions which tell people how to reverse bad luck.

6. Superstitions are contradictory.

7. Some superstitions became customs.

 






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