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Walkaround AndInterior FeaturesSmall enough to push easily into tight parking spaces with relative ease, Volkswagen Golf looks stylish and distinctive as well as practical. With its roof line extended over its rear wheels, the Golf provides a surprisingly large storage space and more than ample rear headroom. The rear hatch is easy to raise and lower, and provides a large and convenient opening for loading everything from grocery bags to furniture. Golf comes with an unusually high level of standard equipment, including anti-lock disc brakes and side-impact airbags. It also comes with a high level of refinement. Stylish instruments look like aircraft components with vibrant red needles over richly backlit indigo gauges. Power windows with auto-up and auto-down are normally not found in this class. There’s plenty of storage space, with a large glove box, deep door pockets and a centre tray that’s useful for keeping mobile telephones. Golf’s cup holders are well placed and adequate for most container sizes. Driver and passenger doors use different inside handles that make them easy to close. Rear seats, with height-adjustable headrests, seem surprisingly roomy with plenty of headroom for all but the tallest passengers. There isn’t much stretch-out legroom, but the seats are unusually high off the floor, which makes the available space more comfortable than in many other compacts. Three-point seat belts are used in all three positions in the rear, an excellent safety feature normally found on more expensive luxury cars. Cargo space is generous, 18 cubic feet with the rear seats in place. Flip the articulated rear seat bottom, remove the rear headrests and fold one or both rear seat backs down to create an ample space capable of carrying even more cargo, 41.8 cu. ft.
Notes: aircraft ['eqkrRft] n. самолёт articulated [R'tIkjVleItId] adj. c шарнирным соединением convenient [kqn'vJnIqnt] adj. удобный cup holder ['kAphqVldq] подстаканник deep [dJp] adj. глубокий distinctive [dIs'tINktIv] adj. характерный, особенный ease [Jz] n. лёгкость, простота flip [flIp] v. щёлкнуть furniture ['fWnICq] n. мебель generous ['Genqrqs] adj. обильный glove box ['glAvbOks] вещевой ящик grocery ['grqVsqrI] n. продуктовые товары handle ['hxndl] n. ручка hatch [hxC] n. (наклонная) задняя дверца headroom ['hedrVm] n. внутренняя высота салона indigo ['IndIgqV] adj. цвета индиго refinement [rI'faInmqnt] n. изысканность roomy ['rHmI] adj. просторный tray [treI] n. поддон vibrant ['vaIbrqnt] adj. вибрирующий walkaround ['wLkqraVnd]adj. при внешнем осмотре
Задания по тексту
1. Переведите текст. 2. Составьте план текста из 6-8 пунктов. 3. Пользуясь составленным Вами планом, кратко изложите содержание текста на английском языке. Лексическое упражнение
Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания. Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Дайте синонимы подчёркнутых слов и антонимы слов, выделенных курсивом.
adequate (adj.), ample (adj.), as well as, container (n.), loading (n.), needle (n.), normally (adv.), place (v.), plenty of (adv.), rear seat back, roof line, storage space, stretch-out legroom, three-point seat belt, tight (adj.), useful (adj.). Урок 4.11 Текст А TOYOTA HIGHLANDER
The Highlander is completely new for 2008. It comes in base, Sport and Limited trim levels, each with front- or all-wheel drive. The two Hybrid models are base and Limited, and both are offered only with all-wheel drive. Highlander comes standard with air conditioning; three-row seating for up to seven passengers; power windows, door locks, and mirrors; remote keyless entry; cruise control; variable intermittent wipers; rear defogger with variable intermittent wiper; tilt/telescope steering wheel; and fog lights. Steering feel is light, but the response is somewhat slow. All Highlanders have noticeable body lean in cornering and braking, and none of them are agile. The brakes feel a bit soft but provide fine stopping power thanks to standard brake assist and electronic brake force distribution. The AWD system in the gas models provides a full-time 50/50 front/rear torque split. In Hybrid models, the AWD system is front-drive in general, but when it detects slippage, the rear-mounted electric motor can help to deliver up to 25 % of the available power to the rear wheels. The base six-cylinder engine has been upgraded. The standard 3.5-liter V6 is larger and more powerful than last year's engine. Rated at 270 horsepower, it offers an increase of 55 hp over the old one. Despite this, fuel economy has been improved. Front-wheel-drive Highlanders get 18/24 mpg City/Highway. All-wheel drive models get 17/23 mpg. The 3.5-liter V6 propels the Highlander front-drive models from 0 to 60 mph in 7.6 seconds and all-wheel-drive models in 7.8 seconds. It is smooth, as is its five-speed transmission. A manual shift gate also allows you to choose a lower gear for more immediate power delivery. The Hybrid's powertrain remains the same as last year. Called Hybrid Synergy Drive, it combines the 3.3-liter V6 with three electric motors to make 270 hp as well. The transmission is a continuously variable automatic that constantly adjusts gearing ratios instead of changing gears. The hybrid powertrain is rated at 27/25 mpg City/Highway. To sum up Highlander offers more power than the 2001-07 models without giving up any fuel economy. Highlander Hybrid models offer excellent fuel economy, particularly in the stop-and-go traffic of major metros, along with extremely low emissions.
Notes: defogger ["dJ'fPgq] n. обогреватель стекла (антизапотеватель) gate [geIt] кулиса рычага переключения передач intermittent ["Intq'mItqnt] adj. периодический sum (up) [sAm] v. подводить итог
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту 1. What models does the 2008 Toyota Highlander range include? 2. What is the standard equipment of Highlander? 3. What are the drawbacks of all Highlanders? 4. What does the AWD system provide in the gas and Hybrid models? 5. What are Highlander’s specifications? 6. What does Hybrid Synergy Drive feature? 7. What do Highlander Hybrid models offer?
Фонетическое задание Найдите в тексте слова, транскрипция которых дана ниже, и переведите их на русский язык.
[rqV] ['reISIqV] [rI'mqVt] [kqn'tInjVqslI] ["dIstrI'bjHSqn] ['nqVtIsqbql] ['veqrIqbql] ['meIGq] Лексические упражнения Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:
благодаря; в целом; доставлять, подавать; заметный, ощутимый; модернизировать; наклон кузова; несмотря на; ответ, реакция; постоянный; приводить в движение; проворный; противотуманные фары; прошлый год; распределение крутящего момента; система автоматического поддержания скорости движения; совершенно, полностью; стеклоочистители с переменной частотой колебания; тоже; электронное распределение тормозного усилия.
Упражнение 2. Заполните пропуски в тексте, используя слова из приведённого ниже списка:
Infiniti QX56
The 2010 Infiniti QX56 is a full-sized luxury SUV that provides plenty of (1)… . It can seat seven passengers, and is available in two or four-wheel drive. A 5.6-liter, 320 horsepower V8 engine with 393 pound-feet of torque (2)… the 2010 Infiniti QX56. The vehicle can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 7.3 seconds. The rear wheel drive vehicles, with the (3)… towing equipment, can tow up to 9,000 pounds. The 2010 Infiniti QX56 is a large vehicle, and is not (4)… like a small car. It has reasonable (5)… power for a large truck, and braking works fine. The ride can be a little bit (6)… over rough roads. Sound insulation (изоляция) makes the vehicle quieter (7)… many other vehicles in its class. Several standard interior (8)… are included on the 2010 Infiniti QX56. These include rear parking sensors, two-zone automatic temperature controls with back seat controls, leather seating, powered front seats and power adjustable pedals. The seats in the second row fold, (9)… the third-row seat is power folding. The QX56 comes with keyless entry and ignition and a navigation system with live traffic. The four-wheel drive model also comes with a towing (10)… .
Грамматическое упражнение Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.
1. The rear-mounted electric motor can help to deliver up to 25% of the power to the rear wheels. 2. To imagine the engine, start with a horizontally opposed four-cylinder like the Subaru Legacy’s. 3. This transmission is said to provide a 20% improvement in combined-cycle fuel economy relative to a four-speed automatic. 4. Lexus was first to offer an automated parking system in 2007. 5. These new tire-pressure sensors are supposed to be less expensive than today’s wheel-mounted units. 6. Whether the system will advance further remains to be seen. 7. Lexus includes many standard car safety features to keep its occupants safe. 8. Anyone who wants to get a little extra power can upgrade to the 2.4-liter engine to make the Matrix a perfect fit. 9. To sum up Highlander offers more power than the 2001-07 models without giving up any fuel economy. 10. The automatic features Porsche’s Tiptronic system, allowing the driver to slide it into a manually controlled mode.
Текст В TOYOTA MATRIX The 2011 Toyota Matrix is a compact wagon, but actually it is a station wagon version of the popular Toyota Corolla. The two vehicles are essentially identical, with the only exception being the fifth door/lift for the wagon of the Matrix. The 2011 Matrix is equipped with a brake override but that’s the only major difference from 2010. Front-wheel drive is standard on the Matrix, but all-wheel drive is also available. Two engines - a fuel efficient 1.8-liter and a less fuel-efficient 2.4-liter - ensure that drivers can get the kind of power that they want. Manual and automatic transmissions add extra variety. The 2011 Toyota Matrix’s 2.4-liter 4-cylinder engine gets 158 horsepower and 162 lb-ft of torque. The smaller 1.8-liter engine gets 132 horsepower and 128 lb-ft of torque. In terms of fuel economy, the 1.8-liter engine gets 26/32/28; the 2.4-liter engine gets 21/28/24. Upgrading to all-wheel drive will reduce fuel efficiency, too. Compared with many other hatchbacks on today’s market, the interior of the Matrix is good and modern. Head room is ample, allowing tall drivers and passengers to ride in comfort. Cargo space is another major plus with the 2011 Matrix. There are 19.8 ft3 of space behind the backseats. When they are folded down, total cargo space equals 61.5 ft3. The one minor drawback is that leg room is a little limited in the back. There are many pluses to owning the 2011 Toyota Matrix. Ample amounts of cargo space and plenty of room for drivers and passengers is one of them. The reasonable price of the Matrix is a plus, too. The available all-wheel drive will make many people happy - especially those who have to cope with conditions of ice or snow. Anyone who wants to enjoy a little extra power can upgrade to the 2.4-liter engine to make the Matrix a perfect fit.
Notes: brake override ["break qVvq'raId] принудительное торможение exception [Ik'sepSqn] n. исключение happy ['hxpI] adj. счастливый total ['tqVtl] adj. общий, суммарный
Задания по тексту 1. Переведите текст. 2. Составьте план текста из 6-8 пунктов. 3. Пользуясь составленным Вами планом, кратко изложите содержание текста на английском языке. Лексическое упражнение Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания. Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Дайте синонимы подчёркнутых слов и антонимы слов, выделенных курсивом.
a little (adv.), also (adv.), amount (n.), automatic transmission, backseat (n.), cargo space, compact wagon, door/lift, drawback (n.), enjoy (v.), equip (v.), essentially (adv.), exception (n.), fuel efficiency, identical (adj.), interior (adj.), lb-ft, major (adj.), modern (adj.), ride (v.), station wagon version, the only (adj.). Урок 4.12 Текст А LEXUS LX 570
Many luxury vehicles don’t handle well off-road, while most off-road vehicles can’t exactly be considered luxury vehicles. The 2009 Lexus LX 570 offers a balance of luxury and off-road performance, plus will carry up to eight occupants. A 5.7-liter, 383 horsepower V8 engine that produces 403 lb-ft of torque powers the LX 570. The engine is connected to a six-speed automatic transmission that has manual shift control. This vehicle can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 7.4 seconds. The 570 can tow up to 8,500 pounds. The EPA estimates that this vehicle can get 12 mpg city and 18 mpg highway. The steering is quick, and the vehicle has a relatively tight turning radius. The brakes are strong. Wind noise is quiet, even at highway speeds, but tire noise is noticeable on rough surfaces. The exterior of the LX 570 is stylish. Standard exterior features include adaptive xenon headlights, a sunroof, power liftgate, and suspension that can be electronically controlled. The adaptive ride height can be lowered to make entry and exit easier, and raised for off-road performance. The interior of the LX 570 offers plenty of luxury standard features. Power-adjustable front seats with heat and memory on the driver’s side, automatic temperature control with four zones, a navigation system with live traffic and voice recognition, and a rear view camera all come standard. The controls are easy to read, although there are many buttons on the dashboard. The seats have enough space for adults in the first and second rows, although the third seat has a little less space. There is plenty of interior storage, but not much cargo room. The second and third rows fold, but they are bulky. Lexus includes many standard car safety features to keep its occupants safe, including antilock brakes, stability control, traction control, and active front headrests. Airbags include front airbags for driver and passenger, side airbags in the first and second rows, knee airbags, and side curtain airbags. The LX 570 offers a few upgrade options. The Luxury Package is available, adding keyless entry and ignition, heated second row seats, and a centre console bin with cooling. Other options include towing equipment, a roof rack, parking assist, and a Pre-Collision System, which will detect an imminent crash and ready the brake assist function. Notes: adult [q'dAlt] n. взрослый bin [bIn] n. отделение, отсек bulky ['bAlkI] adj. громоздкий exit ['egzIt] n. выход imminent ['ImInqnt] adj. грозящий knee [nJ] n. колено live traffic ['laIv"trxfIk] информация о транспортном движении в реальном времени (спутниковая навигация) voice recognition ['vOIsrekqg'nISqn] система распознавания голоса
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту 1. What is specific about the 2009 Lexus LX 570? 2. What are the specifications of the car? 3. What do standard exterior features include? 4. What luxury features are there in this model? 5. What does Lexus offer for safety? 6. What upgrade options does the LX 570 have? Фонетическое задание Найдите в тексте слова, транскрипция которых дана ниже, и переведите их на русский язык.
[haIt]; ['relqtIvlI]; [In'tIqrIq]; [rAf]; [tqV]; ['zenPn]; [Ll'¹¶V]; ['lAkSqrI] Лексические упражнения Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык:
автоматический температурный контроль, багажник на крыше, бездорожье, буксировать, внедорожник, вплоть до, заметный, кнопка, малый радиус разворота, место для хранения, оценивать, подъёмная задняя часть кузова, разгоняться, распознавание голосовых команд, саморегулируемые фары, считать, управлять, шум ветра.
Упражнение 2. Определите, какой частью речи могут быть перечисленные ниже слова. Дайте их перевод при использовании в соответствующей части речи.
Грамматическое упражнение
Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на оборот there+to be.
1. There are no obvious emission problems. 2. There have been slight exterior changes to the 2010 Lexus ES 350 over the 2009 model. 3. There isn’t much stretch-out legroom, but the seats are unusually high off the floor. 4. There must be some degree of reaction from the road to the driver. 5. There would be several disadvantages in trying to steer a car by its rear wheels, the main one being that the car would be directionally unstable. 6. There has to be a better solution than using heavy, inefficient batteries to store energy for electrical power.
Упражнение 2. Переведите предложение, обращая внимание на слова с окончанием - ing.
1. Turning off engine when stopped at a light can save fuel. 2. The two vehicles are essentially identical, with the only exception being the fifth door/lift for the wagon of the Matrix. 3. Upgrading to all-wheel drive will reduce fuel efficiency. 4. Head room is ample, allowing tall drivers and passengers to ride in comfort. 5. Conventional cruise control not being practical on many roads due to heavy traffic adaptive control is now being developed. 6. The rear hatch provides a large and convenient opening for loading everything from grocery bags to furniture. 7. Being able to change a running engine’s compression ratio would help to make HCCI work.
Текст В LEXUS ES 350
There have been slight exterior changes to the 2010 Lexus ES 350 over the 2009 model. Rear side airbags have been made standard along with some other once optional features. The vehicle has powerful acceleration, going from 0 to 60 mph in about 6.4 seconds, and comes with a 3.5 liter, 272 horsepower V6 engine. There is only one trim level. A sunroof, 17 inch alloy wheels, automatic rain sensing windshield wipers, automatic headlights, daytime running lights, and fog lights all come standard. The interior is comfortable in both the front and rear seats, but that is to be expected out of a vehicle in this class. Tall riders may want more head room, but legroom is sufficient. Cargo room is adequate, but the opening may be a little small. Standard interior features include steering wheel mounted controls, tire pressure monitor, trip computer, adjustable power seat for driver and passenger, and a power sunroof. The vehicle is very safe as evidenced by its five star frontal crash ratings from NHTSA for frontal crashes and side crashes for the driver, four stars for side impact crashes for rear passengers, and a four star rollover rating. Car safety features include stability and traction control, antilock brakes, electronic brake assistance, airbags for the front and rear sides, front knee airbags, and side curtain airbags. Child safety door locks, and a vehicle anti-theft system come standard. Several options are available for the ES 350. Safety options include a pre-collision system using radar, and a “Lexus Enform and Safety Connect” telematics system for emergencies. An electronic parking aid is available, as is a navigational aid. Driver and passenger comfort can be improved with the optional front cooled seats, front heated seats, and front power memory.
Задания по тексту
1. Переведите текст. 2. Составьте план текста из 6-8 пунктов. 3. Пользуясь составленным Вами планом, кратко изложите содержание текста на английском языке. Лексическое упражнение
Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык приведённые ниже слова и словосочетания. Если Вы не знаете слово, найдите его в словаре. Дайте синонимы подчёркнутых слов и антонимы слов, выделенных курсивом.
along with (adv.), anti-theft system, child safety door lock, daytime running lights, evidence (n.), frontal crash rating, once (adv.), pre-collision system, side impact crash, slight (adj.), sufficient (adj.), tall rider.
Текст C THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE(continued) Long-Range Advancement Ecomotors OPOC Two-Stroke Innovative new engine concepts are many. Most never even reach the prototype stage. And even the ones that do get built generally flame out due to problems involving durability, construction complexity, or efficiency. The very few that get beyond that stage face an uphill battle with automakers who have billions invested in building conventional engines of proven reliability and performance. One of the few new engine concepts that looks promising is the OPOC two-stroke from EcoMotors. OPOC stands for “opposed piston opposed cylinder.” To imagine the engine, start with a horizontally opposed four-cylinder like the Subaru Legacy’s. Then extend the cylinders and lose the cylinder heads to make room for a second set of pistons within each cylinder that move opposite of the conventional pistons. Long connecting rods transfer the motion of these additional pistons to throws on the crankshaft. As in a typical two-stroke, breathing occurs through ports in the sides of the cylinders. But in the OPOC engine, the intake and exhaust ports are at opposite ends of the cylinders. As the pistons move, the exhausts are uncovered before the intakes and turbochargers blow air through the cylinders to push out the exhaust gas and fill them with clean air. Since the engine needs positive pressure to do this, the turbochargers have electric motors to power them at low rpm when exhaust energy is low. Though the first OPOC engines are diesels, the concept can also work with gasoline. Either way, the direct-fuel injector is in the middle of the cylinder where the two piston crowns almost meet, and that’s where a spark plug would be in a gas version. Thus far, prototypes of the OPOC engine have delivered 12-to-15 % better efficiency than conventional piston engines, due primarily to the absence of cylinder heads, eliminating a large surface through which the heat of combustion is lost to the coolant, and the absence of the valvetrain, which reduces friction by some 40 %. Furthermore, because each two- cylinder, four-piston module is perfectly balanced, it is possible with a four-cylinder version of the engine to completely decouple one cylinder pair under light loads. This not only reduces pumping losses but also completely eliminates the friction from the disabled cylinder, improving fuel efficiency by an additional 15 %. Thus far there are no obvious problems. Emissions look good, and so does oil consumption. Due to the fewer parts - no heads or valvetrain - the engine should be 20 % cheaper to build than a modern V-6. EcoMotors is working on two engine families. The EM100d is a diesel with a 100-millimeter bore developing 325 horsepower, and the EM65ff has a 65-millimeter bore and makes about 75 horsepower in two-cylinder form on gasoline.” Lotus Omnivore Two-Stroke As mentioned, being able to change a running engine’s compression ratio would help to make HCCI work. Most such designs involve somehow changing either the stroke of an engine’s piston or the distance from the crankshaft to the combustion chamber. Both approaches are mechanically problematic. The clever engineers at Lotus have come up with a simpler way to change an engine’s compression. They’ve created a cylinder head that has a movable section—they call it a puck—that can extend into the combustion chamber. With the puck fully retracted, the compression ratio is 10:1. When extended into the head, it reduces the combustion-chamber volume, thereby increasing the ratio to as high as 40:1. There’s room for this puck because the engine, which Lotus calls “Omnivore,” is a two-stroke without any valves. Instead, intake and exhaust flows occur through ports in the cylinder walls. Fuel injection occurs directly into the cylinder via an air-assisted system developed by Orbital for a different two-stroke engine the company has been working on for about 30 years. Lotus claims that the Omnivore engine can operate extensively in HCCI mode and achieves a 10 % fuel-efficiency gain over current DI-gasoline engines. Due to the variable compression ratio, it can also operate on a variety of fuels, hence its name. Clever, but whether it will advance further remains to be seen.
Notes: absence ['xbsqns] n. отсутствие billion ['bIljqn] num. миллиард breathing ['brJDIN] n. всасывание и выделение газа disabled [dIs'eIbqld] adj. не работающий movable ['mHvqbql] adj. подвижный piston crown ['pIstqnkraVn] днище поршня positive pressure ['pPzItIv'preSq] избыточное давление prototype ['prqVtqtaIp] n. прототип puck [pAk] n. шайба reliability [rI"laIq'bIlItI] n. надёжность retract [rI'trxkt] v. втягивать(ся) valvetrain ['vxlvtreIn] n. клапанный механизм
Ответьте на вопросы к тексту
1. What problems do innovative new engine concepts face? 2. What does the OPOC two-stroke engine look like? 3. What is specific about the engine breathing? 4. Why is the OPOC engine more efficient than the conventional one? 5. How can efficiency be further improved? 6. What are the specifications of the two EcoMotors engine families being developed now? 7. How can a running engine’s compression ratio be changed? 8. What have Lotus engineers come up with? 9. How does it work? 10. How does breathing occur? 11. What are the advantages of the Omnivore engine claimed by Lotus? Лексические упражнения В списке А даны некоторые слова и выражения, которые использованы в тексте для домашнего чтения. Найдите их перевод в списке В.
Знаки фонетической транскрипции
ability [q'bIlItI] n. способность 2.8a about [q'baVt] adv. 1. приблизительно, около, 2. (be … to do smth) собираться (что-то сделать), prep. о, об 1.4a above [q'bAv] adv. 1. выше, 2. в дополнении к, prep. 1. свыше, больше, 2. над 1.10b ABS (anti-lock braking system)["eI bJ 'es] АБС (антиблокировочная тормозная система) 2.12c absorb [qb'sLb] v. абсорбировать, поглощать 1.10a accelerate [qk'selqreIt] v. ускорять(ся), разгонять(ся) 1.7a acceleration [qk"selq'reISqn] n. ускорение, разгон 1.4c accelerator [qk'selqreItq] n. акселератор 1.4c accept [qk'sept] v. принимать 2.8b acceptable [qk'septqbql] adj. приемлемый, допустимый 1.6b accident ['xksIdqnt] n. авария 2.12a accidental ["xksI'dentql] adj. случайный 2.2a accomplish [q'kAmpIS] v. осуществлять, достигать 3.5b according (to) [q'kLdIN] prep. согласно, в соответствии с 1.10b accordingly [q'kLdINlI] adv. соответственно 3.3a account (for)[q'kaVnt] v. составлять (часть чего-либо) 3.10b accuracy ['xkjVrqsI] n. точность 1.5a accurately ['xkjVrqtlI] adv. точно 1.8c achieve [q'CJv] v. достигать, добиваться 1.4c across [q'krPs] adv. (come …) встретить (неожиданно), prep. 1. через, сквозь, по, 2. поперёк 1.8a act [xkt] v. действовать, работать 1.11b action ['xkSqn] n. действие, воздействие, влияние 1.4a activate ['xktIveIt] v. приводить в действие, активировать 1.4c active ['xktIv] adj. активный, адаптивный 3.4b actual(ly) ['xkCVql] adj. фактический, действительный, adv. фактически 1.3b actuate ['xkCu"eIt] v. приводить в действие 2.5a actuator ['xkCVeItq] n. привод, пускатель 3.4a adapt [q'dxpt] v. адаптировать, приспосабливать 3.3b adaptive [q'dxptIv] adj. адаптивный, приспосабливающийся, приспосабливаемый 3.2a add [xd] v. добавлять, увеличивать 1.5b addition [q'dISqn] n. дополнение, добавление 1.4a additional [q'dISqnql] adj. дополнительный, добавочный 1.4c adequate(ly)['xdIkwIt] adj. 1. достаточный, 2. соответствующий, адекватный, adv. достаточно, адекватно 1.6a adjust [q'GAst] v. регулировать, настраивать, приспосабливать корректировать, 3.2b adjustable [q'GAstqbl] adj. регулируемый 2.10a adjustment [q'GAstmqnt] n. регулировка 1.8b adopt [q'dPpt] v. принимать, применять 2.4c advance [qd'vRns] n. 1. прогресс, улучшение,2. движение вперёд, продвижение, 3. опережение, v. 1. продвигаться, развиваться, 2. ускорять 3.4c advanced [qd'vRnst] adj. 1. передовой, прогрессивный, 2. усовершенствованный 3.2b advancement [qd'vRnsmqnt] n. успех, прогресс, развитие 3.9a advantage [qd'vRntIG] n. преимущество, польза 1.8c adverse(ly) ['xdvWs] adj. неблагоприятный, adv. неблагоприятно 2.5a aerodynamic(ally) ["eqrqVdaI'nxmIk] adj. аэродинамический, adv. аэродинамически 2.12b affect [q'fekt] v. действовать, воздействовать, влиять 1.8c after ['Rftq] prep.после, conj. после того как 1.1b again [q'gen; q'geIn] adv. снова. опять 1.12c against [q'genst, q'geInst] prep. указывает на: 1. соседство рядом с, 2. соприкосновение на, с, 3. противоположное направление против 4. защиту, предохранение от, против5. опору, фон, препятствие о, по, на, к 1.4c aggressive [q'gresIv] adj. 1. агрессивный, 2. энергичный 4.7a agile ['xGaIl] adj. проворный 4.5a ago [q'gqV] adv.тому назад 1.1b ahead [q'hed] adv. вперёд, впереди 2.10a aid [eId] n. (вспомогательное) средство, приспособление 3.12c aim [eIm] n.цель, намерение, задача, v. стремиться, ставить своей целью 3.9a air [eq] n. воздух 1.2a air conditioning ['eq kqn'dISqnIN] кондиционирование воздуха 4.3a air/fuel ratio [eq'fjHql 'reISIqV] отношение количества воздуха к количеству топлива в горючей смеси 1.4c airbag ['eqbxg] n. (воздушная) подушка безопасности 2.12c all [Ll] adj. весь, вся, всё 1.3a allow [q'laV] v. 1. позволять, 2. давать возможность, делать возможным, 3. (… for) учитывать, делать поправку на 1.2b allowance [q'laVqns] n. допуск 2.3b alloy ['xlOI] n. сплав 1.2b almost ['LlmqVst] adv. почти 1.1b alone [q'lqVn] adj. единственный, исключительный, adv. только, исключительно 4.4a along [q'lP¼] prep. по, вдоль; adv. 1. (… with) вместе с, 2. вперед 1.1a already [Ll'redI] adv. уже 3.4c also ['Lls¶V] adv. также, тоже, к тому же 1.1a alter ['Lltq] v. менять(ся), изменять(ся) 2.3a alternative [Ll'tWnqtIv] adj.альтернативный, n. альтернатива 1.3a alternator ['LltqneItq] n. генератор 3.7a although [Ll'¹¶V] conj. хотя, несмотря на то, что 1.1a aluminium ["xlq'mInIqm] n. алюминий 1.2b always ['LlweIz] adv. всегда 2.3b amenities [q'mJnItIz] n. pl предметы комфорта и удобства 4.7a among [q'mAN] prep. среди 2.12c amount [q'maVnt] n. 1. количество, 2. величина, степень 1.4c ample ['xmpql] adj. 1. достаточный, 2. просторный 4.10b angle ['xNgql] n. угол 1.5a announce [q'naVns] v. объявлять, заявлять 4.1b annulus ['xnjVlqs] n. шестерня с внутренним зацеплением 2.1a another [q'nADq] pron. 1. другой, 2. ещё один 1.3b anti- [xntI] prefix анти-, противо- 1.9b anti-theft ["xntI'Teft] adj. противоугонный 4.8a anxiety [xN'zaIqtI] n. опасение, тревога, беспокойство 3.8c any ['enI] pron. какой-нибудь, всякий, любой 1.1a apart [q'pRt] adv. 1. в отдалении, на расстоянии, 2. в разные стороны, врозь 1.8a appear [q'pIq] v. 1. появляться, выходить, 2. казаться 3.3b application ["xplI'keISqn] n. применение 3.5b apply [q'plaI] v. 1. прикладывать, 2. применять, употреблять 1.3a approach [q'prqVC] n. подход, путь 3.6a appropriate [q'prqVprIqt] adj. соответствующий, подходящий 1.8b approximately [q'prPksImqtlI] adv. приблизительно 1.4c area ['eqrIq] n. 1. зона, участок, 2. поверхность, 3. площадь 1.9a arise [q'raIz] v. 1. являться результатом, 2. возникать, появляться 1.4a arm [Rm] n. 1. рычаг, рычажок,2. коромысло 1.7b around [q'raVnd] prep. вокруг 1.2a arrange [q'reInG] v. располагать 1.5b arrangement [q'reInGmqnt] n. 1. расположение, размещение, 2. устройство, 3. схема, компоновка 2.2a array [q'reI] n. множество, набор 3.4b as[xz / qz] conj. 1. когда, в то время как, по мере того как, 2. так как, поскольку, 3. (as … as) такой же … как, так же …как и, 4. (as many as) целых, 5. (as low/little as) только, всего, лишь, 6. (as long as) пока, до тех пор пока, 7. (as … as possible) насколько возможно … , 8. (as well as) так же как (и), наряду с, 9. (as if) как будто, 10. (as to; as far as … are concerned ) относительно (того), что касается, adv. 1. как, 2. в качестве, 3. как и, что и, 4. (as follows) следующий, 5. (as well) также 1.1b aspirate ['xspqreIt] v. всасывать; naturally …ed безнаддувный (о двигателе) 3.8a assembly [q'semblI] n. 1. агрегат, узел, 2. сборка, монтаж 1.3a assist [q'sIst] n. вспомогательный механизм, v. помогать; (power) assisted с усилителем 2.11a assistance [q'sIstqns] n. помощь 1.12a associate [q'sqVSIeIt; q'sqVsIeIt] v. связывать(ся), ассоциироваться 1.8c atmosphere ['xtmqsfIq] n. атмосфера 1.2a attach [q'txC] v., присоединять 1.3a attention [q'tenSqn] n. 1. обслуживание, 2. внимание 1.9b automaker ['LtqVmeIkq] n. изготовитель автомобилей 3.7b automated ['LtqmeItId] adj. автомотизированный 3.8b automatic ["Ltq'mxtIk] adj. автоматический 1.1a automatically ["Ltq'mxtIklI] adv. автоматически 1.12a automobile ['LtqmqbJl] n. автомобиль 1.1b automotive ["Ltq'mqVtIv] adj. автомобильный 3.8b available [q'veIlqbql] adj. 1. имеющийся, доступный, свободный 2. полезный, пригодный 1.4c average ['xvqrIG] adj. 1. обычный, 2. средний 1.4a avoid [q'vOId] v. избегать 1.11a away [q'weI] adv. обозначает: а) отдаление от данного места, б) движение, удаление прочь 1.1a axis ['xksIs] (plural axes ['xksJz]) n. ось 2.1a axle ['xksql] n. 1. ось, полуось, 2. мост 1.12a back [bxk] adv. назад, обратно, adj. задний n. 1. спинка, 2. задняя сторона 1.1b back-lit ['bxklIt] adj. с фоновой подсветкой 4.3a back-up ['bxkAp] n. дублирующая система 3.4b backward(s) ['bxkwqdz] adv. назад 2.8c bag [bxg] n. 1. сумка, 2. (воздушная) подушка 3.12c balance ['bxlqns] n. 1. баланс, равновесие, 2. балансировка, 3. противовес v. приводить в равновесие, уравнивать, уравновешивать 1.4c ball [bLl] n. шар, шарик 2.1b band [bxnd] n. 1. лента, 2. диапазон 2.1a bang [bxN] n. стук, хлопок 3.6b bar [bR] n. стержень, полоса, штанга 2.8c base [beIs] n. опора, база, основание, v. основывать, базировать, adj. базовый, основной 1.8b basic ['beIsIk] adj. основной 1.3a basically ['beIsIklI] adv. по существу, в основном 1.8a basis ['beIsIs] n. основа 2.1a battery ['bxtqrI] n. аккумулятор 1.1a battle ['bxtl] n. битва, борьба, v. бороться 3.6a beam [bJm] n. 1. балка, перекладина, 2. луч 2.4c bearing ['beqrIN] n. подшипник 1.1b because [bI'kPz] 1. conj. потому что, так как, 2. prep. (… of) из-за 1.1a become [bI'kAm] v. становиться 1.4a beep [bJp] n. звуковой сигнал, гудок 3.11a before [bI'fL] conj. прежде чем, prep перед, до 1.4a begin [bI'gIn] v. начинать(ся) 1.1b behaviour [bI'heIvjq] n. поведение 2.11b behind [bI'haInd] prep. за, сзади, позади, после, adv. сзади, позади, после 2.2b below [bI'lqV] adv. ниже, prep. ниже, под 1.10b belt [belt] n. ремень, лента 1.6a bend [bend] n. поворот, изгиб, v. изгибать(ся), сгибать(ся) 2.3b beneficial ["benI'fISql] adj. выгодный, полезный 3.6a benefit ['benIfIt] n. преимущество, выгода, польза, v. улудшать, помогать, приносить пользу 2.11a between [bI'twJn] prep.между 1.2b beyond [bI'jPnd] prep. 1. вне, сверх, 2. за, по ту сторону 2.5b big-end bearing ['bIgqnd 'beqrIN] подшипник большой головки шатуна 1.5a bit [bIt] n. (а …) немного, чуть-чуть 3.12a blind spot ['blaInd spOt] участок обзора закрытый от водителя 2.12c block [blPk] n. блок, узел 1.3a blow [blqV] v. 1. обдувать, дуть, продувать, 2. (… apart) разрывать, n. удар 1.9a boast [bqVst] v. 1.хвастаться, похваляется, 2. гордиться 3.7b body ['bPdI] n. 1. кузов, 2. корпус, 3. тело 1.3b bodywork ['bPdi"wWk] n. конструкция кузова, кузов легкового автомобиля рамной конструкции 1.1a boil [bOIl] v. кипеть 1.1a bolt [bqVlt] v. болт, палец, шпилька, стержень, шкворень, шпилька, v.крепить болтом 1.2a bond [bPnd] v. соединять, связывать 2.6b bonnet ['bPnIt] n. капот, крышка, кожух 1.1a boost [bHst] n. 1. повышение, усиление, 2. форсирование (двигателя), наддув, v. усиливать, повышать 1.8a bore [bL] n. 1. отверстие, расточенное отверстие, 2. диаметр цилиндра 1.2b both [bqVT] adv. (both … and … ) как … так и … , pron. оба 1.3a bottom ['bPtqm] n. днище, нижняя часть, adj. нижний 1.2b bounce [baVns] n. вибрация, v. 1. прыгать, скакать 1.8c bowl [bqVl] n. 1. камера, 2. чаша 1.7b box [bPks] n. коробка, кожух 2.2a brake [breIk] n. тормоз, тормозной механизм v. тормозить 1.1a brand [brxnd] n. марка, товарный знак, v. называть, присваивать марку 3.11b break [breIk] v. I 1. (… down) разрушиться, нарушиться, 2. подразделять, классифицировать, II (… up) прерывать, глушить 1.10b breakaway ['breIkqweI] n. отрыв 2.11b bring [brIN] v. приносить, давать, обеспечивать; … into action приводить в действие 2.2a broad [brLd] adj. широкий 2.8c build [bIld] v. 1. строить, 2. создавать 1.1b bump [bAmp] n. неровность, v. подталкивать 2.8c bumper ['bAmpq] n. бампер 4.5a burden ['bWdqn] n. бремя, груз, v. обременять, отягощать 3.6a burn [bWn] v. гореть, сжигать, сгорать 1.1a burning ['bWnIN] n. горение, сгорание 1.4a burnt gas ["bWnt 'gxs] выхлопной газ, отработанный газ 1.3a burst [bWst] v. 1. лопаться, 2. резко открываться, 3. взрываться 2.11a button ['bAtn] n. кнопка 3.3a °C (degree Celsius) [dI'grJ 'selsIqs][= Centigrade]градус по Цельсию 1.1a cable ['keIbql] n. 1. кабель, провод, 2. трос 1.8c cage [keIG] n. картер 2.4b calculate ['kxlkjVleIt] v. рассчитывать, вычислять 3.4a call [kLl] v. 1. называть, 2. (…for) требовать, 3. подавать сигнал 1.2a calliper ['kxlIpq] n. скоба 2.6b cam [kxm] n. кулачок 1.6a cam lobe['kxm lqVb] n. выступ кулачка 3.8a camber ['kxmbq] n. угол развала колёс 2.8c camera ['kxmqrq] n. (видео/фото) камера 3.11a camshaft ['kxmSRft] n. распределительный вал 1.2a cap [kxp] n. крышка 1.8b capability ["keIpq'bIlItI] n. способность 1.8c capable ['keIpqbl] adj. способный 2.3b capacity [kq'pxsItI] n. 1. ёмкость, 2. производительность, мощность, 3. способность 1.8c car [kR] n. (легковой) автомобиль 1.1a carbon ['kRbqn] n. углерод, графит 1.4c carburettor ["kRbjq'retq] n. карбюратор 1.2a cargo ['kRgqV] n. груз, багаж 4.7a carmaker ['kRmeIkq] n. производитель автомобилей 4.1b carrier ['kxrIq] n. опора, устройство для крепления 2.1a carry ['kxrI] v. 1. нести, 2. вести, возить, перевозить, 3. содержать (в себе), 4. (… out) выполнять 1.1a case [keIs] n. 1. случай, 2. корпус 1.3a casing ['keIsIN] n. 1. картер, корпус, 2. кожух, обшивка 1.6a cast [kRst] v. лить, отливать 1.2a cast iron ["kRst'aIqn] чугун 1.2b casting ['kRstIN] n. отливка 1.5b catalyst ['kxtlIst] n. катализатор 4.4a cause [kLz] v. 1. вызывать, 2. заставлять,n.причина 1.2a central ['sentrql] adj. центральный 2.1a centre ['sentq] n. центр, v.отцентровывать 1.8b century ['senCqrI] n. век 1.1b certain ['sWtn] adj. 1. определённый, 2. некоторый 2.12b chain [CeIn] n. цепь 1.6a chamber ['CeImbq] n. камера, отсек 1.7a chance [CRns] n. 1. шанс, 2. (the off …) на всякий случай 3.12a change [CeInG] n. 1. изменение, перемена, 2. переключение, 3. смена, v. 1. менять(ся), изменять(ся), 2. переключать(ся) 1.10b characteristic ["kxrIktq'rIstIk] n. характеристика 2.7a charge [CRG] n.заряд (топливной смеси), заправка, be in … of отвечать за что-либо,v. заряжать, заправлять, нагнетать 3.1a chassis ['SxsI] n. шасси, ходовая часть 1.1a cheap [CJp] adj. дешёвый 1.5b check [Cek] n. проверка, контроль 2.6a chest [Cest] n. грудь, грудная клетка 2.10a choice [COIs] n. выбор 2.2b choose [CHz] v. выбирать 2.8c circuit ['sWkIt] n. (электрическая) цепь, контур 3.4b circular ['sWkjVlq] adj. кольцевой, круговой 1.2b circulate ['sWkjuleIt] v. 1. циркулировать, 2. распространяться 1.2a claim [kleIm] v. утверждать, заявлять 3.8a clamp [klxmp] v. зажимать, прижимать 1.12b class [klRs] n. класс, категория 3.9a clean [klJn] adj. чистый 4.2a clever ['klevq] adj. умный 4.9a climate ['klaImIt] n. климат (контроль) 3.11b close [klqVs] adj. 1.близкий, 2. тщательный, пристальный, adv. близко 1.7b close [klqVz] v. закрывать(ся) 1.3a cluster ['klAstq] n. группа, набор, комплект 3.11a clutch [klAC] n. сцепление, муфта (сцепления) 1.1a code [kqVd] n. код 3.4a coil [kOIl] n. катушка, обмотка 1.8a coil spring ['kOIl "sprIN] спиральная (винтовая) пружина 1.6a cold [kqVld] adj. холодный 1.4c collapse [kq'lxps] v. 1. разрушаться, 2. убираться, складываться 2.10a collision [kq'lIZqn] n. столкновение 2.10a combination ["kPmbI'neISqn] n. комбинация, сочетание 2.1a combine [kqm'baIn] v. 1. сочетать(ся), смешивать(ся), 2. объединять(ся) 1.4c combustible [kqm'bAstIbql] adj. горючий 3.12c combustion [kqm'bAsCqn] n. горение, сгорание 1.1b combustion chamber [kqm'bAsCqn "CeImbq] камера сгорания 1.2a come [kAm] v. 1. приходить, поступать, 2. происходить, бывать, 3. поступать (в продажу). выпускаться; (… across) встречаться с 1.11a |
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