Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, его видовременную форму и залог.

1) Watt is known for his improvements of the steam engine.

2) James Watt was born on January 19, 1736, in Scotland.

3) A new research is being carried out successfully.

Вариант 2 (экономические специальности)

Import – Export

1) International trade is the exchange of goods and services between different countries. Depending on what a country produces and needs, it can export (sell goods to another country) and import (buy goods from another country). Governments can control international trade. The most common measures are tariffs (or duties) and quotas. A tariff is a tax on imported goods, and a quota is the maximum quantity of a product allowed into a country during a certain period of time. These measures are protectionistas they raise the price of imported goods to “protect” domestically produced goods.

2) International organizations such as the WTO (World Trade Organization) and EFTA (European Free Trade Association) regulate tariffs and reduce trade restrictions between member countries.

3) Companies can choose from various methods to establish their products in a foreign market. One option is to start by working with local experts such as sole agents or multi-distributors, who have specialist knowledge of the market and sell on behalf of the company. This often leads to the company opening a local branch or sales office. Another option is to sell, or give permission to use, patents and licenses for their products. Companies may wish to start by manufacturing in the export market, in which case they can either set up a local subsidiary or a joint venture with a local partner.

Дополнительный словарь:

tariffs - тарифы

duties – пошлины

quotas – квоты

protectionist – протекционистские

local subsidiary – филиал

sole agents – отдельные агенты

multi-distributors – дистрибуторы

joint venture – совместное предприятие

Прочтите и устно переведите текст, затем перепишите и письменно переведите 2) и 3) абзацы текста.

2. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

What is international trade?

What are the methods to establish products in a foreign market?

Составьте пять типов вопросов к следующему предложению.

Governments can control international trade.

II. 1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, принимая во внимание различные функции слов, it, that, one.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения.

1) As labour differs from other production factors, social and political problems should be taken into account by economists in considering factor costs.

2) Any entry in a journal ought to be recorded accurately to avoid errors in further balances.

3) A Central Bank of every country must perform two basic functions. It must be a banker both to the commercial banks and to the government.

3. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, учитывая различные функции глагола to be.

Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, его видовременную форму и залог.

1) The student is reading a newspaper now.

2) The goods were produced in China.

3) The work of a farm worker and the work of a nurse are very different, but both are measured in terms of payment received.

Вариант 2 (технические специальности)

D.I. Mendeleyev (1834 – 1907)

1) Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev is a famous Russian chemist. He is best known for his development of the periodic table of the properties of the chemical elements. This table displays that element’s properties are changed periodically when they are arranged according to atomic weight.

2) Mendeleyev was born in 1834 in Tobolsk, Siberia. He studied chemistry at the University of St.Petersburg, and in 1859 he was sent to study at the University of Heidelberg. Mendeleyev returned to St. Petersburg and became Professor of Chemistry at the Technical Institute in 1863. He became Professor of General Chemistry at the University of St. Petersburg in 1866. Mendeleyev was a well-known teacher, and, because there was no good textbook in chemistry at that time, he wrote the two-volume “Principles of Chemistry” which became a classic textbook in chemistry. In this book Mendeleyev tried to classify the elements according to their chemical properties. In 1869 he published his first version of his periodic table of elements. In 1871 he published an improved version of the periodic table, in which he left gaps for elements that were not known at that time. His table and theories were proved later when three predicted elements: gallium, germanium, and scandiumwere discovered.

3) Mendeleyev investigated the chemical theory of solution. He found that the best proportion of alcohol and water in vodka is 40%. He also investigated the thermal expansion of liquids and the nature of petroleum.

4) In 1893 he became director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures in St. Petersburg and held this position until his death in 1907.

Дополнительный словарь:

To classify – классифицировать

two-volume–в двух томах

gap[gæp] – пробел, пропуск, тех. зазор

gallium [΄gæliəm] – галлий

germanium – германий

scandium[΄skændiəm] – скандий

Bureau of Weights and Measures [bju:ə΄rou] – Палата Мер и Весов

Прочтите и устно переведите текст, затем перепишите и письменно переведите абзац 2) текста.

2. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1) What is the main principle of periodic table of elements?

2) What was the reason of writing the textbook “ Principles of Chemistry”?

Составьте пять типов вопросов к следующему предложению.

Mendeleyev investigated the chemical theory of solution.

II. 1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, принимая во внимание различные функции слов, it, that, one.

Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения.

1) You may use this instrument in your experiments.

2) You must provide us with all necessary data.

3) You ought to be careful when experimenting with this substance.

7. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, учитывая различные функции глагола to be.