Перевод инфинитива в форме Indefinite

Таблица 11

2. Сложные формы инфинитива обычно следует переводить сказуемым придаточного предложения, чтобы передать соотнесенность действий, выраженных личной и неличной формами глагола, например:

Such information is unlikely to have been available from the user.

Маловероятно, что такая информация была получена от пользователя.

I have never known him to be working on this problem.

Никогда не знал, что он работал над этой проблемой.

I know him to have been informed about the meeting.

Я знаю, что ему сообщили о собрании.

(Рубцова М. Г., стр. 254-261)

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ

ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Переведете устно предложения. Определите функции инфинитива.

1. To say that mind does not exist in abstraction from body is not, however, to say that mental processes do not exist. 2. То supply the needs of the new civilization a vast increase of vocabulary became necessary. 3. To think about the world we must first perceive the world. 4. Most of the population of these islands is farmers, but they do not grow enough to feed themselves. 5. In British Isles all the lakes are of fresh water, and all bodies of water large enough to be called lakes are connected with the sea by means of rivers. 6. Your staff needs to see evidence of decisive planning and leadership so that they are confident in your position as their manager. 7. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of careful preparation. 8. Personal Time Management is about controlling the use of your most valuable (and undervalued) resource. 9. When thinking about motivation it is important to take the long-term view. 10. The oceans contain enough salt to cover all the continents to a depth of nearly 500 feet.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Переведете устно пословицы. Определите функции инфинитива.

1. Eat to live, but do not live to eat. 2. It's never too late to mend. 3. It takes two to make a quarrel. 4. To err is human, to forgive is divine. 5. Cut off your nose to spite your face. 6. There's more than one way to skin a cat. 7. Books and friends should be few but good. 8. Curses are like chickens, they come home to roost. 9. Everyone wants to go to heaven, but no one wants to die. 10. Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. 11. He, who fails to prepare, prepares to fail.

ЗАДАНИЕ 3. Переведете письменно предложения. Какие части речи используются для передачи инфинитива?

1. Google had made a deal to buy mobile phone and tablet maker Motorola Mobility for about $12.5 billion. 2. The average human being has a very short attention span and a million other things to think about. 3. Intel is selling upgradable processors in which some features, such as processors and cache, can be added through upgrade cards sold through retail stores. 4. All the messages instruct the recipient to open the attachment that contains the malware, claiming it is a form that needs to be filled out. 5. Among the most basic of human needs is the need to connect with others. 6. From close family to foodies, we found that people already use real-life circles to express themselves, and to share with precisely the right folks. 7. Motorola Mobility is still too small to compete with much bigger rivals such as Apple, Nokia and Samsung. 8. For the past decade Western donors have been campaigning to boost the amount of aid they give to poor countries and to try to make better use of it. 9. The forces required to remove a foot from quicksand at a speed of one centimeter per second would require the same amount of force as “that needed to lift a medium-sized car.” 10. In the current study, the researchers used a subset of images, together with their labels, to “teach” the computer how to read a face. 11. A hypothesis is a novel suggestion that no one wants to believe. 12. The important thing in science is not so much to obtain new facts as to discover new ways of thinking about them. 13. The way you use the computer to access information speaks a lot about you and your ethical values. 14. Ford is partnering with companies that make instruments to measure blood glucose levels and software to help diabetic patients track their diet and medications.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4. Переведете письменно предложения.

1.Читать много, не значит быть умным. 2. Чтобы многое знать, нужно много читать. 3. По правде говоря, я не знаю ответа на этот вопрос. 4. Я не могу помочь тебе перевести статью. Ты должен сделать это сам. 5. Она достаточно взрослая, чтобы решать свои проблемы сама. 6. Чтобы приехать на вокзал вовремя, вы должны выйти из дома за час до отправления поезда.7. Знать ответы на все вопросы не может никто. 8. Идея, которую предложил профессор Вартер, нужно тщательно обсудить. 9. Атмосфера, которая создается преподавателем на уроке, должна способствовать активному усвоению материала. 10. Чтобы понять другого человека, нужно просто внимательно его слушать.

ЗАДАНИЕ 5. Выполните письменный перевод текста.

Oral Presentation Advice

Listeners have one chance to hear your talk and can't “re-read” when they get confused. In many situations, they have to hear several talks on the same day. Being clear is particularly important if the audience can't ask questions during the talk. There are two well-know ways to communicate your points effectively. The first is to K.I.S.S. (keep it simple stupid). Focus on getting one to three key points your audience should remember. Second, repeat key insights: tell them what you're going to tell them (Forecast), tell them, and tell them what you told them (Summary).

Think about your audience

Most audiences should be addressed in layers: some are experts in your sub-area, some are experts in the general area, and others know little or nothing. You are to decide who is most important to you. Can you still leave others with something? For example, pitch the body to experts, but make the forecast and summary accessible to all.

Think about your rhetorical goals

To tell the truth, for conference talks I recommend two rhetorical goals: leave your audience with a clear picture of the gist of your contribution, and make them want to read your paper. Your presentation should not replace your paper, but rather whet the audience appetite for it. Thus, it is commonly useful to allude to information in the paper that can't be covered adequately in the presentation.

(по материалам сайта www.pages.cs.wisc.edu)

ТЕМА 9

ИНФИНИТИВНЫЕ ОБОРОТЫ

Инфинитив с относящимися к нему словами может образовывать инфинитивные обороты, которые делятся на зависимые и независимые.

Зависимые инфинитивные обороты– это такие обороты, в которых перед инфинитивом нет слова, обозначающего действующее лицо или предмет, например:

We still cannot say to have answered all the nature puzzles.

Мы до сих пор не можем утверждать, что разгадали все загадки природы.

Независимые инфинитивные обороты – это такие обороты, в которых перед инфинитивом естьслово, обозначающее действующее лицо или предмет, которое при переводе становится подлежащим придаточного предложения, а инфинитив – сказуемым, например:

I do not want you to missthe classes.

Я не хочу, чтобы вы пропускализанятия.

Независимые обороты бывают четырех видов: сложное дополнение (схема 2), сложное подлежащее (схема 3), «for + существительное + инфинитив»,абсолютный инфинитивный оборот.

(Рубцова М. Г., стр. 266-267)