A) with an adjective or adverb in the comparative degree 1. a layer; more permanent; the most common; the server;
2. the disk controller; outer space; a thinner layer; a previous layer;
3. the common emitter circuit; a power amplifier; the most powerful computer; more detailed local forecasts;
4. the former computer; upper limit; laser diode; a thicker layer;
5. more easily installed; may easily gain access; relatively easy; d) very easy;
6. other devices; under increasing competition; supercomputer maker; more quickly replaced.
B) with an adjective or adverb in the superlative degree
1. most hard disks; the hardest materials; most materials;
2. the most heat-resistant materials; more computing power; most of the electron flow;
3. smaller electrical circuits; the earliest method; most research programs;
4. newer technology; most personal computers; the nearest telephone switching facility;
5. ever more powerful microcomputers; most notably; easily recognizable; most of the advances;
6. by most definitions; mostly mechanical; for most computational tasks; most widely used.
IX. Compare the words in bold type by form and meaning, define their similarities and differences.
1. a) The latter procedure is much more complicated than the former one. b) In the later evolution of multichannel fiber transmission systems, two distinct methods of multiplexing data have been introduced. c) Wi-Fi’s latestversion is many times faster than DSL or cable connections.
2. a) Another commonartificial intelligence application for multiprocessing was chess. b) Home burglar alarms, smoke detectors, and automobile alarms are three of the most commontypes of warning systems. c) Digital systems are much easier and smaller to design than comparable analogue circuits. This is one of the main reasons why digital systems are more common than analogue. d) Personal computers are now commonly equipped with dedicated video memory for holding high-resolution bit maps.
3. a) Wide-area networks connect computers and smaller networks to larger networks over greater geographic areas, including different continents. b) The largest wide-area network is the Internet. c) Organizations that have large amounts of printed information are working to transfer their information into databases. d) Although in principle these were general-purpose computers, they were stilllargelyrestricted to doing tough mathematical problems.
Прилагательные и наречия, которые образуют
Степени сравнения не по правилу
| bad –плохой
badly–плохо
| worse–более плохой,хуже
| (the) worst–самый плохой, хуже всего
| | good –хороший
well–хорошо
| better –более хороший,лучше
| (the) best–самый хороший,лучше всего
| | much/many –много
| more–больше, более
| (the) most–больше всего
| | little–маленький, мало
| less/lesser–меньше, менее
| (the) least–наименьший, меньше всего
at least –по крайне мере
| | late–поздний, поздно
| later–более поздний,позднее
| (the) last–последний,прошлый
(the) latest–самыйпоследний, самый поздний
| | far –далекий, дальний; далеко
| farther –более отдаленный,дальше (о расстоянии)
| (the) farthest–самый далекий, дальше всего
| | far–далекий, дальний; далеко
| further –дальнейший, добавочный
| (the) furthest–самый дальний; самый долгий; дальше всего
|
X. Define the similarities and differences of the words in bold type. Give their Russian equivalents.
1. a) A less powerful laser reads back the pictures, sound or information. b) A pure silicon crystal is nearly an insulator – verylittle electricity will flow through it. c) This is the least important fact. d) Every user should know at leastsomething about firewalls.
2. a) The laterappearance of recordable CDs and DVDs further increased multimedia capabilities for PCs. b) They are convinced that they will be able to learn how to use the latesttechnology. с) Pulsars, believed to be rapidly rotating neutron stars, were discovered later in the decade.
3. a)These tiny silicon wafers are designed for many specific operations. b) Fiber-optic cables carry many times moreinformation than copper wires can. c) Among themost advanced integrated circuits are the microprocessors, which control everything from computers to cellular phones to digital microwave ovens. d) Digital compression technology is moreeasily adaptable.
XI. Give the Russian equivalents of the following sentences.
1. Physical consistency is essential for better orientation and effective site navigation. 2. Users aren’t interested in the most reasonable and sound solution to their problem. 3. E-commerce can be called the most effective way of trading. 4. New networks must meet the growing demand for faster transmission speeds. 5. The independent system is themost widely-spread type of distributed system. 6. The most common form of intrusion detection system today relies on signature-based detection. 7. Often the most difficult step in program development is the debugging stage.
Усиление степеней сравнения прилагательных1
|
Even/much/far/still/ a bit xerx
↓
еще/намного/гораздо/немного + прилагательное (какой?)
far better results - гораздо лучшие результаты
a bit faster device - немного более быстрое устройство
| |
Even/much/far/still/ a bit more xx
↓
еще/намного/гораздо/немного + более + прилагательное (какой?)
much more advanced methods – намного более передовые методы
| |
by far/far/much хest x/ by far/far/much the most х x
↓
значительно, намного, гораздо + прилагательное с суффиксом -е (-ее) (какой?)
by far the most demanding - намного требовательнее (всех)
| 1Усиление степеней сравнения наречий образуется по тем же правилам, что и у прилагательных: still (yet) easier – еще быстрее, much the fastest- намного быстрее всех.
ХII. Give the Russian equivalents of the following sentences.
1. Far easier access to knowledge has been made by computerized indexes of scientific and technical journals. 2. Cable modems are much more complex than standard analog modems. 3. This might sound fantastic, but a scientist is looking for by far the most innovative solutions. 4. In this paper we focus on the main principles and approaches for far moreeffective web design. 5. The transistor replaced the muchbulkier vacuum tube in radios, in computers, and in many scientific instruments. 6. The technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in much smaller devices than is currently possible.
Сравнительные конструкции
| 1 as + прилагательное (наречие) в положительной степени + as
| такой же …как, так же … как
| This rule is as important as the above one.
| | 2 as + прилагательное (наречие) в положительной степени + as + числительное
| равняется, составляет, доходит до
| Boiling continued for as long as 80 hours.
| | 3 not so + прилагательное (наречие) в положительной степени + as
| не такой … как,
не так … как
| Old enterprises were usually not so spacious and well-equipped as new ones.
| | 4прилагательное (наречие) в сравнительной степени + than
| чем
| Modern desktop personal computers are many times more powerful than the huge computers of the 1960s and 1970s.
| | 5 The+ прилагательное (наречие) в сравнительной степени … + the + другое прилагательное (наречие) в сравнительной степени the … the
| чем … тем
| The less intuitive is the navigation, the more willing are the users to leave the web-site.
| XIII. Choose the sentences where the comparative constructions have the following meanings: a)такой же … как; b) не такой … как; с) чем; d) чем … тем.
1. Their operating system is considered by many people to be a better product than Microsoft’s. 2. The better you manage to provide users with a sense of visual hierarchy, the easier your content will be to perceive. 3. Operating systems are as old as electronic computers. 4. The better sense of orientation users have, the more trust they can develop toward the company the site represents. 5. There are several advantages in making computers as small as one can. 6. The bigger the mass, the bigger the weight of the body. 7. The new machines were smaller and less expensive than earlier models. 8. These engines are not so powerful as those motors.
|